Munthawi ya "Mapulani a Zaka khumi ndi zitatu", kupanga ndi kugulitsa kwa magalimoto amphamvu ku China kwakula mwachangu, ndikuyika patsogolo padziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka zisanu zotsatizana.Zikuyembekezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano kupitilira 5 miliyoni kumapeto kwa chaka chino.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, uthenga wabwino ukupitiriza kubwera kuchokera ku China mu teknoloji yaikulu ya mabatire atsopano amphamvu.Chen Liquan wazaka 80, munthu woyamba mu makampani a batire a lithiamu ku China, adatsogolera gulu lake kuti apange zida zatsopano za batri.
Batire yatsopano ya nano-silicon lithiamu imatulutsidwa, yokhala ndi mphamvu 5 nthawi ya batri yachikhalidwe ya lithiamu
Chen Liquan, wophunzira wazaka 80 wa Chinese Academy of Engineering, ndiye woyambitsa makampani a batri a lithiamu ku China.M'zaka za m'ma 1980, Chen Liquan ndi gulu lake adatsogolera pochita kafukufuku wamagetsi olimba a electrolyte ndi mabatire achiwiri a lithiamu ku China.Mu 1996, iye anatsogolera gulu kafukufuku sayansi kukhala mabatire lifiyamu-ion kwa nthawi yoyamba mu China, anatsogolera kuthetsa mavuto sayansi, luso ndi uinjiniya wa kupanga lalikulu mabatire m'banja lifiyamu-ion, ndipo anazindikira mafakitale. mabatire apanyumba a lithiamu-ion.
Mu Liyang, Jiangsu, Li Hong, ndi protégé wa Academician Chen Liquan, anatsogolera gulu lake kukwaniritsa yojambula kiyi zopangira kwa mabatire lifiyamu patatha zaka zoposa 20 kafukufuku luso ndi kupanga misa mu 2017.
Nano-silicon anode zakuthupi ndizinthu zatsopano zomwe zimapangidwa ndi iwo.Kuchuluka kwa mabatani opangidwa kuchokera pamenepo ndi kasanu kuposa mabatire amtundu wa graphite lithiamu.
Luo Fei, General Manager wa Tianmu Leading Battery Material Technology Co., Ltd.
Silicon ilipo kwambiri m'chilengedwe ndipo imakhala yochuluka m'malo osungira.Chigawo chachikulu cha mchenga ndi silika.Koma kuti apange zitsulo zachitsulo kukhala silicon anode zakuthupi, kukonza kwapadera kumafunika.Mu labotale, sikovuta kumaliza kukonza koteroko, koma kupanga matani a silicon anode zida kumafuna kafukufuku wambiri waukadaulo ndi kuyesa.
Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences yakhala ikufufuza nano-silicon kuyambira 1996, ndipo inayamba kupanga mzere wopangira zinthu za silicon mu 2012. Sizinafike mpaka 2017 kuti mzere woyamba wopanga unamangidwa, ndipo wakhala ukusinthidwa mosalekeza. ndi kusinthidwa.Pambuyo pa zolephera zambiri, zida za silicon anode zidapangidwa mochuluka.Pakadali pano, kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa fakitale ya Liyang kwa zida za silicon anode zamabatire a lithiamu-ion kumatha kufika matani 2,000.
Ngati pakachitsulo anode zipangizo ndi chisankho chabwino kwa kuwongolera kachulukidwe mphamvu ya mabatire lifiyamu m'tsogolo, ndiye olimba boma batire luso ndi anazindikira ndi njira yothetsera mavuto panopa monga chitetezo ndi mkombero moyo wa mabatire lifiyamu.Pakalipano, mayiko ambiri akupanga mabatire olimba, ndipo kafukufuku wa China ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji ya batri ya lithiamu ikugwirizananso ndi dziko lapansi.
Pafakitale iyi ku Liyang, ma drones omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-boma opangidwa ndi gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa Li Hong ali ndi maulendo oyenda omwe ndi 20% motalika kuposa ma drones omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe omwewo.Chinsinsi chagona mu zinthu zofiirira zakuda, zomwe ndi zinthu zolimba za cathode zopangidwa ndi Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Mu 2018, mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha 300Wh/kg solid-state power battery system anamalizidwa pano.Ikayikidwa pagalimoto, imatha kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa magalimoto agalimoto.Mu 2019, Chinese Academy of Sciences idakhazikitsa njira yopangira batire yokhazikika ku Liyang, Jiangsu.Mu Meyi chaka chino, zinthu zayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Komabe, Li Hong adauza atolankhani kuti iyi si batire yolimba kwambiri m'lingaliro lathunthu, koma batri yokhazikika yomwe imakhala yokhazikika muukadaulo wa batri wa lifiyamu.Ngati mukufuna kupanga magalimoto kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yayitali, mafoni a m'manja amakhala ndi nthawi yotalikirapo, ndipo palibe amene angathe Kuti ndege ziziwuluka mopitilira apo, ndikofunikira kupanga mabatire otetezeka komanso okulirapo amtundu wonse.
Mabatire atsopano akubwera limodzi ndi lina ndipo "Electric China" ikumangidwa
Osati Institute of Physics ya Chinese Academy of Sciences yokha, makampani ambiri akuwunikanso matekinoloje atsopano ndi zida zamabatire amphamvu atsopano.Pakampani ina yamagetsi yatsopano ku Zhuhai, Guangdong, basi yamagetsi yamagetsi ikukwera m'malo owonetsera kampaniyo.
Mutatha kulipiritsa kwa mphindi zitatu, mphamvu yotsalayo idakwera kuchokera pa 33% mpaka 60%.M'mphindi 8 zokha, basi inali yodzaza, kusonyeza 99%.
Liang Gong adauza atolankhani kuti misewu yamabasi amzindawu ndi yokhazikika ndipo mtunda waulendo wobwerera sungapitirire makilomita 100.Kulipiritsa panthawi yopumula kwa oyendetsa basi kungapereke kusewera kwathunthu ku zabwino za mabatire a lithiamu titanate amalipira mwachangu.Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire a lithiamu titanate amakhala ndi nthawi yozungulira.Ubwino wa moyo wautali.
Mu bungwe lofufuza za batri la kampaniyi, pali batri ya lithiamu ya titanate yomwe yakhala ikuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyesedwa kozungulira kuyambira 2014. Yakhala ikuimbidwa ndi kutulutsidwa nthawi zoposa 30,000 m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Mu labotale ina, akatswiri adawonetsa kwa atolankhani kutsika, kuboola singano, ndi kuyesa kuyesa kwa mabatire a lithiamu titanate.Makamaka pambuyo poti singano yachitsulo idalowa mu batire, panalibe kuyaka kapena utsi, ndipo batireyo imatha kugwiritsidwabe ntchito moyenera., komanso mabatire a lithiamu titanate ali ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana kozungulira.
Ngakhale mabatire a lithiamu titanate ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi moyo wautali, chitetezo chapamwamba, komanso kuthamanga mofulumira, mphamvu yamagetsi ya batri ya lithiamu titanate siili yokwanira, pafupifupi theka la mabatire a lithiamu.Chifukwa chake, ayang'ana kwambiri zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito zomwe sizifuna mphamvu zambiri, monga mabasi, magalimoto apadera, ndi malo osungirako magetsi.
Pankhani ya kafukufuku wa batri wosungira mphamvu ndi chitukuko ndi chitukuko, batri ya sodium-ion yopangidwa ndi Institute of Physics ya Chinese Academy of Sciences yayamba njira yopita ku malonda.Poyerekeza ndi mabatire a lead-acid, mabatire a sodium-ion sangocheperako kukula kwake komanso opepuka kwambiri potengera mphamvu yosungira yomweyi.Kulemera kwa mabatire a sodium-ion a voliyumu yofanana ndi yochepera 30% ya mabatire a lead-acid.Pagalimoto yoyendera magetsi yotsika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa magetsi osungidwa pamalo omwewo kumawonjezeka ndi 60%.
Mu 2011, Hu Yongsheng, wofufuza pa Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences yemwenso anaphunzira pansi pa Academician Chen Liquan, adatsogolera gulu ndipo anayamba kugwira ntchito pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji ya sodium-ion batri.Pambuyo pazaka 10 za kafukufuku waukadaulo, batire ya sodium-ion idapangidwa, yomwe ndi gawo lapansi la kafukufuku wa batri ya sodium-ion ndi chitukuko ku China ndi padziko lonse lapansi.ndipo minda yogwiritsira ntchito malonda ndi yomwe ili patsogolo.
Poyerekeza ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion, chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zamabatire a sodium-ion ndikuti zida zopangira zimagawidwa kwambiri komanso zotsika mtengo.Zopangira zopangira zinthu zopanda ma elekitirodi zimatsuka malasha.Mtengo pa tani ndi wosakwana yuan chikwi chimodzi, womwe ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa ma yuan masauzande pa tani imodzi ya graphite.Chinthu china, sodium carbonate, chilinso ndi zinthu zambiri komanso zotsika mtengo.
Mabatire a sodium-ion si ophweka kuyaka, amakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino, ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito pa madigiri 40 Celsius.Komabe, kachulukidwe ka mphamvu sikofanana ndi kachulukidwe ka batire la lithiamu.Pakalipano, angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magalimoto amagetsi otsika kwambiri, malo osungira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi madera ena omwe amafunikira mphamvu zochepa.Komabe, cholinga cha mabatire a sodium-ion chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zosungiramo mphamvu, ndipo makina opangira magetsi okwana 100-kilowatt-ola apangidwa.
Ponena za tsogolo lachitukuko cha mabatire amphamvu ndi mabatire osungira mphamvu, Chen Liquan, wophunzira wa Chinese Academy of Engineering, akukhulupirira kuti chitetezo ndi mtengo ndizofunikira kwambiri pa kafukufuku wamakono pa mabatire a mphamvu ndi mabatire osungira mphamvu.Pankhani ya kusowa kwa mphamvu zachikhalidwe, mabatire osungira mphamvu amatha kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka pa gridi, kupititsa patsogolo kutsutsana pakati pa nsonga ndi chigwa, ndikupanga mphamvu yobiriwira komanso yokhazikika.
[Kuwona kwa theka la ola] Kugonjetsa "zopweteka" za chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano
M'malingaliro a boma lapakati pa "Mapulani a Zaka Zisanu za 14", magalimoto atsopano opangira mphamvu ndi mphamvu zatsopano, pamodzi ndi luso lamakono lamakono, sayansi ya sayansi ya zakuthambo, zipangizo zamakono, zamlengalenga, ndi zida za m'madzi, zalembedwa ngati mafakitale omwe akufunikira kwambiri. kufulumizitsidwa.Nthawi yomweyo, zidanenedwa kuti ndikofunikira kupanga injini yokulirapo yamakampani omwe akutukuka kumene ndikukulitsa matekinoloje atsopano, zinthu zatsopano, mitundu yatsopano yamabizinesi, ndi mitundu yatsopano.
Pulogalamuyi, tawona kuti mabungwe ofufuza za sayansi ndi makampani opanga mafakitale akugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zamakono kuti athetse "zowawa" za chitukuko chatsopano cha mphamvu.Pakalipano, ngakhale kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale atsopano a mphamvu za dziko langa chapeza zabwino zina zoyamba, chikukumanabe ndi zofooka zachitukuko ndipo matekinoloje apakati ayenera kuthyoledwa.Awa akudikirira anthu olimba mtima kuti akwere ndi nzeru ndikugonjetsa ndi kulimbikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-23-2023