"Nkhandwe mumakampani amagetsi amagetsi ikubwera."Posachedwapa, kabukhu wanthawi zonse wotulutsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Upangiri Wachidziwitso adapangitsa makampaniwo kuusa mtima.
Malinga ndi "Catalogue of Recommended Models for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (11th Batch in 2019)", magalimoto amagetsi atsopano okhala ndi mabatire omwe amagulitsidwa kunja adzalandira thandizo ku China koyamba.Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutsatira kuthetsedwa kwa batire "mndandanda woyera" mu June chaka chino, China Dynamics (600482, Stock Bar) batire msika watsegula mwalamulo ndalama zakunja.
Pali magalimoto okwana 26 okwera pamagalimoto omwe adalengezedwa nthawi ino, kuphatikiza magalimoto 22 amagetsi, kuphatikiza Tesla pure electric sedan yomwe ipangidwa ku China.Pakadali pano, sizikudziwika kuti ndani omwe adzakhale wothandizira batire la Tesla atapangidwa ku China.Komabe, mukalowa m'kabukhu la subsidy, mitundu yoyenera ilandila thandizo.Kuphatikiza pa Tesla, mitundu yakunja ya Mercedes-Benz ndi Toyota adalowanso pamndandanda wovomerezeka.
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, chithandizo cha China cha magalimoto atsopano opangira mphamvu zakhala chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi osankhidwa opanga mabatire amphamvu.Kunyamula mabatire opangidwa ndi makampani a "oyera" a batri ndikulowa m'mabuku omwe ali pamwambawa ndi sitepe yoyamba yopezera ndalama zothandizira.Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, magalimoto amagetsi atsopano ochokera kunja, makamaka Tesla, sanaperekedwe ndalama.Makampani opanga magalimoto amagetsi atsopano ndi makampani amagetsi amagetsi akhalanso ndi "nthawi yazenera" yachitukuko chofulumira kwa zaka zingapo.
Komabe, kukhwima kwenikweni kwa makampani sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi kuyesa kwa msika.Pamene malonda ndi umwini wa magalimoto atsopano akuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, madipatimenti oyenerera akutsogoleranso chitukuko cha mafakitale kuchokera ku ndondomeko kupita ku msika.Kumbali imodzi, ndalama zothandizira magalimoto amagetsi atsopano zachepetsedwa chaka ndi chaka ndipo zidzachotsedwa kwathunthu pamsika kumapeto kwa 2020. Kumbali ina, "mndandanda woyera" wa mabatire amphamvu unalengezedwanso kuti udzathetsedwa mu kumapeto kwa June chaka chino.
Mwachiwonekere, chithandizo chisanayambe kuchotsedwa, makampani atsopano a magalimoto amphamvu ku China adzayamba kukumana ndi mpikisano kuchokera ku mayiko ena akunja, ndipo makampani opanga mabatire a mphamvu adzakhala ndi vuto.
Kumasula kwathunthu kwa mabatire omwe adayikidwa kunja
Potengera zomwe zasindikizidwa posachedwa, mitundu yatsopano yamagetsi yamitundu yakunja monga Tesla, Mercedes-Benz, ndi Toyota onse alowa mgulu la zothandizira.Pakati pawo, Tesla adalengeza mitundu iwiri yamitundu yomwe idalowetsedwa m'kabukhu, yofananira ndi kachulukidwe kamagetsi ka batri ndi magawo oyenda.
Chifukwa chiyani pali kusiyana kotere mumtundu womwewo wa Tesla?Izi zitha kukhala zogwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti Tesla wasankha oposa ogulitsa m'modzi.Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa chaka chino, Tesla wakhala akudziwika kuti akwaniritsa mgwirizano "osakhala yekha" ndi makampani angapo a mabatire amphamvu.Zolinga za "scandal" zikuphatikiza CATL (300750, Stock Bar), LG Chem, ndi zina.
Othandizira mabatire a Tesla akhala akusokoneza nthawi zonse.Lipoti lochokera ku Dipatimenti Yofufuza ya Power Battery Application Branch ya Battery China.com linanena kuti mitundu ya Tesla yomwe yasankhidwa m'kabukhu kovomerezeka ili ndi "mabatire amtundu wina opangidwa ndi Tesla (Shanghai)."
Tesla yakhala ikupanga ma modules ake a batri, koma ndani angapatse maselo?Wowona kwa nthawi yayitali wa Tesla adasanthula mtolankhani wochokera ku 21st Century Business Herald kuti chifukwa chomwe mtunduwo uli ndi mphamvu ziwiri zamphamvu ndi chifukwa uli ndi ma cell a batri (ie, ma cell) ochokera ku Panasonic ndi LG Chem.
"Aka ndi koyamba kuti mtundu wokhala ndi mabatire akunja ulowe m'gulu la subsidy."Munthuyo adanenanso kuti kuwonjezera pa Tesla, magalimoto awiri ochokera ku Beijing Benz ndi GAC Toyota adalowanso m'buku la subsidy, ndipo palibe amene ali ndi mabatire apanyumba.
Tesla sanayankhe ma cell a batire a kampani yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito, koma kuyambira kuthetsedwa kwa "mndandanda woyera" wa batri yamagetsi, ndi nkhani yanthawi yokha kuti mabatire opangidwa ndi makampani omwe amapereka ndalama zakunja ndi magalimoto okhala ndi mabatire awa alowa kalozera wothandizira.
Mu Marichi 2015, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso udatulutsa "Mafotokozedwe a Magalimoto Amagetsi Amagetsi Amagetsi", omwe adzagwiritsa ntchito mabatire opangidwa ndi makampani ovomerezeka ngati chofunikira chopezera ndalama zatsopano zamagalimoto.Kuyambira pamenepo, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso watulutsa motsatizana magawo anayi amakasitomala opangira mabatire amagetsi (ie, "White Power Batteries").List"), kumanga "khoma" kwa makampani amagetsi aku China.
Zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti opanga mabatire 57 omwe asankhidwa ndi makampani onse akumaloko, ndipo opanga mabatire aku Japan ndi ku Korea monga Panasonic, Samsung, ndi LG Chem omwe m'mbuyomu adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi SAIC, Changan, Chery, ndi makampani ena amagalimoto saphatikizidwa.Chifukwa amalumikizidwa ndi zothandizira, makampani a batri omwe amathandizidwa ndi ndalama zakunja amatha kuchoka pamsika waku China kwakanthawi.
Komabe, "mndandanda woyera" wakhala ulibe kugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale.Mtolankhani wochokera ku 21st Century Business Herald adaphunzira kale kuti pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni, kukhazikitsidwa kwa "mndandanda woyera" sikuli kolimba kwambiri, ndipo zitsanzo zina zomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito mabatire "ofunikira" adalowanso m'gulu lazogulitsa za Unduna wa Zamakampani. ndi Information Technology.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi ndende ya msika, Komabe, makampani ena omwe ali pa "mndandanda woyera" achepetsa bizinesi yawo kapena alephera.
Ofufuza zamakampani akukhulupirira kuti kuletsa "mndandanda woyera" wa batri ndikutsegula msika wa batri yamagetsi kuti agulitse ndalama zakunja ndi gawo lofunikira kuti magalimoto atsopano aku China asunthike kuchoka kutsata malamulo kupita kumsika.Pokhapokha pamene makampani amphamvu kwambiri alowa mumsika angathe kupanga mphamvu zowonjezera mofulumira.Ndipo kuchepetsa ndalama ndikukwaniritsa chitukuko chenicheni cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu.
Kutsatsa ndizomwe zimachitika.Kuphatikiza pa kumasulidwa kwa "mndandanda woyera", kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chithandizo ndi njira yachindunji yolimbikitsa malonda a malonda.Mapulani a New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) omwe adalengezedwa posachedwapa (2021-2035)" (chithunzi cha ndemanga) chimanenanso momveka bwino kuti ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa kukhathamiritsa ndi kukonzanso makampani amagetsi amagetsi ndikuwonjezera ndende yamakampani.
Kuchepetsa mtengo ndikofunikira
Ndi chithandizo ndi chilimbikitso cha ndondomeko zamakampani, makampani angapo amagetsi apanyumba akukula mofulumira m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuphatikizapo CATL, BYD (002594, Stock Bar), Guoxuan Hi-Tech (002074, Stock Bar), ndi zina zotero, kuphatikizapo Fuli , yomwe posachedwapa inafika pa Science and Technology Innovation Board.Ukadaulo wamagetsi.Pakati pawo, CATL yakhala "wolamulira" pamsika.Zomwe zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti m'magawo atatu oyambirira a chaka chino, msika wapakhomo wa CATL wakwera mpaka 51%.
Potengera kumasulidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa msika, makampani opanga mabatire amagetsi omwe amathandizidwa ndi ndalama zakunja apanganso makonzedwe ku China.Mu 2018, LG Chem idakhazikitsa projekiti yogulitsa mabatire amagetsi ku Nanjing, ndipo Panasonic ikukonzekera kupanga makamaka mabatire amagalimoto amagetsi mufakitale yake ya Dalian.
Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti ogulitsa mabatire apanyumba a Tesla, Panasonic ndi LG Chem, onse ndi omwe amatsata mphekesera zodziwika bwino.Mwa iwo, Panasonic ndi mnzake "wodziwika bwino" wa Tesla, ndipo Teslas wopangidwa ku America amaperekedwa ndi Panasonic.
"Kusakhazikika" ndi "kukonzekera" kwa Tesla kumawonetsa mpikisano wowopsa mumakampani amagetsi amagetsi mpaka pamlingo wina.Ponena za mitundu yakunyumba yomwe yakhala ikukula mwachangu pamsika waku China kwazaka zingapo, kodi angakumane ndi mpikisano wamitundu yakunja nthawi ino?
Munthu wina wapafupi ndi mafakitale amagetsi amagetsi adauza mtolankhani wochokera ku 21st Century Business Herald kuti ubwino wopikisana wa mabatire amphamvu omwe amagulitsidwa kunja ndi makamaka teknoloji ndi kuwongolera mtengo, zomwe zapanga "zotchinga" zina pamsika.Kutengera Panasonic mwachitsanzo, akatswiri ena amakampani adanenanso kuti ngakhale imapanganso mabatire a ternary lithiamu, Panasonic imagwiritsa ntchito gawo losiyana la zida zopangira, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa ndalama.
Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa zachitukuko, pakuwonjezeka kwa sikelo, mtengo wamabatire amagetsi apanyumba nawonso ukuchepa chaka ndi chaka.Kutengera chitsanzo cha CATL, mtengo wa batire yake yamphamvu unali 2.27 yuan/Wh mu 2015, ndipo unatsikira ku 1.16 yuan/Wh mu 2018, ndi kuchepa kwapakati pachaka pafupifupi 20%.
Makampani opanga mabatire apanyumba apanganso zambiri zochepetsera ndalama.Mwachitsanzo, onse a BYD ndi CATL akupanga ukadaulo wa CTP (CelltoPack, module-free power battery pack), kuyesera kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a batri ndi kapangidwe kake ka mkati ka batire.Makampani monga Yiwei Lithium Energy (300014, Stock Bar) akuperekanso malipoti a pachaka Zhong adanena kuti mulingo wopangira makinawo uyenera kukonzedwa kuti uwonjezere zokolola ndikuchepetsa mtengo.
Ukadaulo wa CTP udakali ndi zovuta zambiri zothana nazo, koma nkhani zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti mapaketi a batri a CATL a CTP alowa mugawo la kupanga malonda m'magulu.Pamwambo wosainira pa Disembala 6 kuti ulimbikitse mgwirizano pakati pa CATL ndi BAIC New Energy, Zeng Yuqun, wapampando wa CATL, adati: "Ukadaulo wa CTP ukhudza mitundu yonse yomwe ikubwera komanso yomwe ikubwera ya BAIC New Energy."
Kupititsa patsogolo luso lamakono ndi kuchepetsa ndalama ndizo njira zazikulu.Makampani a batri aku China omwe akuimiridwa ndi CATL atsala pang'ono kubweretsa "kuwunika" kwenikweni kwa msika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-18-2023