Monga "wopambana" wamakampani a lithiamu batire kuyambira 2021, mtengo wa lithiamu carbonate wasintha kwambiri zaka ziwiri zapitazi.Nthawi ina inafika pamwamba ndikupita kumtengo wa 600,000 yuan/ton.Zofunikira mu theka loyamba la 2023 zinalinso Panthawi ya nkhonya, zidatsika mpaka 170,000 yuan/ton.Pa nthawi yomweyo, monga tsogolo lifiyamu carbonate zatsala pang'ono kukhazikitsidwa, SMM adzapereka owerenga ndi ndemanga mwatsatanetsatane wa lifiyamu makampani unyolo mwachidule, gwero mapeto, smelting mapeto, kufunika mapeto, kupereka ndi kufunika chitsanzo, dongosolo kusainira ndi mitengo limagwirira. m'nkhaniyi.
Chidule cha makina amakampani a lithiamu:
Monga chinthu chachitsulo chokhala ndi kulemera kochepa kwambiri kwa atomiki, lithiamu imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kameneka komanso wosanjikiza wokhazikika wamtundu wa helium wa ma elekitironi awiri.Ili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kwambiri ndipo imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zida zina kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana.Ndizinthu zabwino kwambiri zopangira mabatire.Kusankha bwino.Mu makina a lifiyamu, kumtunda kumaphatikizapo zinthu za lithiamu mchere monga spodumene, lepidolite, ndi mchere wa mchere wa mchere.Pambuyo pochotsa zinthu za lithiamu, zimatha kukonzedwanso mu ulalo uliwonse kuti apange mchere woyambira wa lithiamu, mchere wachiwiri / wambiri wa lithiamu, chitsulo Lithiamu ndi mitundu ina yazinthu.Zogulitsa mu gawo loyamba lokonzekera makamaka zikuphatikizapo mchere wa lithiamu carbonate, lithiamu hydroxide, ndi lithiamu kolorayidi;kukonzanso kwina kumatha kupanga zinthu zachiwiri kapena zingapo za lithiamu monga lithiamu iron phosphate, lithiamu cobalt oxide, lithiamu hexafluorophosphate, ndi zitsulo zachitsulo.Mankhwala osiyanasiyana a lithiamu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'magawo omwe akutuluka monga mabatire a lithiamu, zoumba, galasi, aloyi, mafuta, refrigerants, mankhwala, mafakitale a nyukiliya ndi optoelectronics.
Mapeto a lithiamu:
Kuchokera pamalingaliro amtundu wa zida za lithiamu, zitha kugawidwa m'mizere iwiri ikuluikulu: zida zoyambira ndi zida zobwezerezedwanso.Pakati pawo, zinthu za lithiamu zazinthu zopangira zimapezeka makamaka mumchere wa mchere wamchere, spodumene ndi lepidolite.Zida zobwezerezedwanso makamaka zimapeza zinthu za lithiamu kudzera pamabatire a lithiamu opumira ndikubwezeretsanso.
Kuyambira panjira yazinthu zopangira, kugawa kwazinthu zosungirako zosungirako za lithiamu ndikokwera kwambiri.Malinga ndi zomwe zatulutsidwa posachedwa ndi USGS, nkhokwe za lithiamu padziko lonse lapansi zimakwana matani 22 miliyoni achitsulo chofanana ndi lithiamu.Pakati pawo, mayiko asanu pamwamba pa dziko lifiyamu chuma ndi Chile, Australia, Argentina, China, ndi United States, mlandu 87% okwana, ndi nkhokwe China chifukwa 7%.
Komanso segmenting mitundu gwero, mchere nyanja panopa gwero lalikulu la chuma lifiyamu padziko lapansi, makamaka kufalitsidwa mu Chile, Argentina, China ndi malo ena;migodi ya spodumene imagawidwa makamaka ku Australia, Canada, United States, China ndi malo ena, ndipo ndende yogawa zothandizira ndizochepa kuposa nyanja yamchere ndipo ndi mtundu wazinthu zomwe zili ndi digiri yapamwamba kwambiri ya malonda a lithiamu pakali pano;Zosungirako za lepidolite ndizochepa ndipo zimakhazikika ku Jiangxi, China.
Tikayang'ana pa linanena bungwe chuma lithiamu, okwana linanena bungwe chuma padziko lonse lithiamu mu 2022 adzakhala 840,000 matani LCE.Akuyembekezeka kukwaniritsa kukula kwapachaka kwa 21% kuyambira 2023 mpaka 2026, kufikira matani 2.56 miliyoni a LCE mu 2026. Kutengera mayiko, CR3 ndi Australia, Chile, ndi China, zomwe zimawerengera 86%, zomwe zikuwonetsa. kukhazikika kwakukulu.
Pankhani ya mitundu yazinthu zopangira, pyroxene idzakhalabe mtundu waukulu wazinthu zopangira mtsogolo.Salt Lake ndi mtundu wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri wazinthu zopangira, ndipo mica idzachitabe gawo lowonjezera.Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti padzakhala funde la scrapping pambuyo 2022. Kukula mofulumira kwa inter-kupanga zinyalala ndi decommissioning zinyalala, komanso yopambana yobwezeretsanso lithiamu m'zigawo luso, kudzalimbikitsa kukula mofulumira yobwezeretsanso lifiyamu m'zigawo voliyumu.Zikuyembekezeka kuti zida zobwezerezedwanso zidzafika 8% mu 2026. Gawo lazinthu zopangira lithiamu.
Zonse za lithiamu!Chidule chathunthu chamakampani a lithiamu
Mapeto a lithiamu:
China ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri za lithiamu padziko lonse lapansi.Kuyang'ana m'zigawo, China lifiyamu carbonate malo kupanga makamaka zochokera kugawa chuma ndi mabizinesi smelting.Magawo akuluakulu opanga ndi Jiangxi, Sichuan ndi Qinghai.Jiangxi ndi chigawo chomwe chili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la lepidolite ku China, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zopangira makampani odziwika bwino osungunula monga Ganfeng Lithium Industry, omwe amapanga lithiamu carbonate ndi lithiamu hydroxide kudzera mu spodumene;Sichuan ndiye chigawo chomwe chili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la pyroxene ku China, ndipo ndi amene amayang'anira kupanga hydroxide.Lithium Production Center.Qinghai ndi chigawo chachikulu kwambiri cha China chotulutsa mchere wa lithiamu.
Zonse za lithiamu!Chidule chathunthu chamakampani a lithiamu
Pankhani ya makampani, mawu a lithiamu carbonate, okwana linanena bungwe mu 2022 adzakhala matani 350,000, amene CR10 makampani okwana 69%, ndi kupanga chitsanzo ndi moikirapo.Mwa iwo, Jiangxi Zhicun Lithium Viwanda ali ndi linanena bungwe lalikulu, mlandu 9% ya zotuluka zake.Palibe mtsogoleri wokhazikika pamakampani.
Zonse za lithiamu!Chidule chathunthu chamakampani a lithiamu
Pankhani ya lithiamu hydroxide, zotulutsa zonse mu 2022 zidzakhala matani 243,000, omwe makampani a CR10 amawerengera pafupifupi 74%, ndipo mapangidwe ake amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa a lithiamu carbonate.Pakati pawo, Ganfeng Lithium Viwanda, kampani yomwe ili ndi zotulutsa zazikulu kwambiri, imakhala ndi 24% yazotulutsa zonse, ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonekera.
Zonse za lithiamu!Chidule chathunthu chamakampani a lithiamu
Mbali yofunikira ya lithiamu:
Kufuna kwa lithiamu kumatha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri akulu: mafakitale a batri a lithiamu ndi mafakitale azikhalidwe.Ndi kukula kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso kufunikira kwa msika wosungira mphamvu kunyumba ndi kunja, kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa batri ya lithiamu pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa lithiamu kukukulirakulira chaka ndi chaka.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za SMM, pakati pa 2016 ndi 2022, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito lithiamu carbonate m'munda wa batri ya lithiamu kudakwera kuchoka pa 78% mpaka 93%, pomwe lithiamu hydroxide idalumpha kuchoka pa 1% kufika pafupifupi 95%+.Kuchokera pamalingaliro amsika, kufunikira kwathunthu mumakampani a batri a lithiamu kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi misika ikuluikulu itatu yamagetsi, kusungirako mphamvu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu:
Msika wamagetsi: Motsogozedwa ndi mfundo zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi, kusinthika kwamakampani amagalimoto ndi kufunikira kwa msika, kufunikira kwa msika wamagetsi kudzakula kwambiri mu 2021-2022, kuwerengera kulamulira kotheratu pakufunidwa kwa batri la lithiamu, ndipo akuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula kwanthawi yayitali..
Msika wosungiramo mphamvu: Motengera zinthu monga vuto la mphamvu ndi mfundo za dziko, misika ikuluikulu itatu ya China, Europe, ndi United States idzagwira ntchito limodzi ndipo idzakhala malo achiwiri kukula kwa batire ya lithiamu.
Msika wa ogula: Msika wonse ukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo kukula kwanthawi yayitali kukuyembekezeka kukhala kotsika.
Zonse za lithiamu!Chidule chathunthu chamakampani a lithiamu
Ponseponse, kufunika kwa mabatire a lifiyamu kudzawonjezeka ndi 52% pachaka mu 2022, ndipo kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono pamlingo wapachaka wa kukula kwa 35% kuchokera ku 2022 mpaka 2026, zomwe zidzawonjezera gawo la mafakitale a batire a lithiamu. .Pankhani yamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana, msika wosungira mphamvu uli ndi kukula kwakukulu.Msika wamagetsi ukupitilira kukula pomwe magalimoto amagetsi atsopano padziko lonse lapansi akupitilira kukula.Msika wa ogula makamaka umadalira kukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi a mawilo awiri ndi zinthu zatsopano zogula monga ma drones, ndudu za e-fodya, ndi zida zovala.Chiwopsezo cha kukula kwapachaka ndi 8% yokha.
Malinga ndi makampani ogula mwachindunji a mchere wa lithiamu, malinga ndi lithiamu carbonate, chiwerengero chonse cha 2022 chidzakhala matani 510,000.Makampani ogula amakhala makamaka m'makampani a lithiamu iron phosphate cathode cathode ndi makampani apakatikati ndi otsika a faifi tambala ternary cathode, ndipo makampani akumunsi amangokhalira kumwa.Digiriyi ndi yotsika, yomwe CR12 imakhala 44%, yomwe imakhala ndi mchira wautali wautali komanso mawonekedwe obalalika.
Zonse za lithiamu!Chidule chathunthu chamakampani a lithiamu
Pankhani ya lithiamu hydroxide, kugwiritsidwa ntchito konse mu 2022 kudzakhala matani 140,000.Kuchulukira kwa makampani ogula otsika ndi okwera kwambiri kuposa a lithiamu carbonate.CR10 ndi 87%.Chitsanzocho chimakhala chokhazikika.M'tsogolomu, pamene makampani osiyanasiyana a ternary cathode adzapita patsogolo Ndi nicklization yapamwamba, ndende zamakampani zikuyembekezeka kuchepa.
Zonse za lithiamu!Chidule chathunthu chamakampani a lithiamu
Lithium Resource Supply and Defence Mapangidwe:
Kuchokera pamalingaliro athunthu akupereka ndi kufunikira, lithiamu yatsirizadi kuzungulira pakati pa 2015 ndi 2019. Kuchokera ku 2015 mpaka 2017, kufunikira kwa mphamvu zatsopano kunapeza kukula kofulumira kolimbikitsidwa ndi thandizo la boma.Komabe, kukula kwa zinthu za lithiamu sikunali kofulumira monga momwe zimafunira, zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa kupezeka ndi kufunikira.Komabe, thandizo la boma litatsika mu 2019, kufunikira kocheperako kudachepa kwambiri, koma mapulojekiti oyambira a Lithium adafika pang'onopang'ono popanga, ndipo lithiamu idalowa m'malo owonjezera.Panthawi imeneyi, makampani ambiri a migodi adalengeza kuti alibe ndalama, ndipo makampani adayambitsa kusintha.
Kuzungulira kwamakampani uku kumayamba kumapeto kwa 2020:
2021-2022: Kufunika kwa ma terminal kumaphulika mwachangu, ndikupanga kusagwirizana ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zakumtunda za lithiamu.Kuchokera ku 2021 mpaka 2022, ntchito zina za migodi ya lithiamu zomwe zidayimitsidwa muzowonjezera zotsalira zidzayambidwanso, koma pali kuchepa kwakukulu.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthawiyi inalinso siteji pamene mitengo ya lithiamu inakwera mofulumira.
2023-2024: Kuyambiranso kwa mapulojekiti opanga + mapulojekiti omwe angomangidwa kumene akuyembekezeredwa kuti afikire kupanga motsatizana pakati pa 2023 ndi 2024. Kukula kwa kufunikira kwa mphamvu zatsopano sikuli kofulumira monga momwe kumayambira kufalikira, ndi digiri ya kuchuluka kwazinthu kudzafika pachimake mu 2024.
2025-2026: Kukula kwa zinthu zakumtunda kwa lithiamu kumatha kutsika chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira.Mbali yofunikira idzayendetsedwa ndi malo osungiramo mphamvu, ndipo zowonjezera zidzachepetsedwa bwino.
Zonse za lithiamu!Chidule chathunthu chamakampani a lithiamu
Lithium salt signing situation ndi njira yothetsera
Njira zosaina madongosolo a mchere wa lithiamu makamaka zimaphatikiza maoda anthawi yayitali ndi ziro.Maoda a Zero amatha kufotokozedwa ngati malonda osinthika.Maphwando ochita malonda samavomereza pazogulitsa, kuchuluka, ndi njira zamitengo mkati mwa nthawi inayake, ndikuzindikira zotengera zodziyimira pawokha;mwa iwo, madongosolo a nthawi yayitali akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Njira yotsekera voliyumu: kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogulira ndi njira yokhazikitsira mtengo zimavomerezedwa pasadakhale.Mtengo wokhazikika udzakhazikitsidwa pamtengo wapamwezi (SMM) wagawo lachitatu, kuwonjezeredwa ndi koyezetsa yosinthira, kuti akwaniritse kukhazikika kwa msika ndi kusinthasintha kwapakatikati.
Kutsekera kwa voliyumu ndi kutseka kwamitengo: Kuchuluka kwa katundu ndi mtengo womalitsira zimagwirizana pasadakhale, ndipo mtengo womalizidwa umakhazikitsidwa pakanthawi komaliza.Mtengo ukangotsekedwa, sudzasinthidwa m'tsogolomu / pambuyo poti njira yosinthira iyambike, wogula ndi wogulitsa adzagwirizananso pamtengo wokhazikika, womwe uli ndi kusinthasintha kochepa.
Lokani kuchuluka kokha: ingopangani mgwirizano wapakamwa/wolemba pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa, koma palibe mgwirizano wapatsogolo pa njira yokhazikitsira mitengo ya katunduyo, yomwe imakhala yosinthika kwambiri.
Pakati pa 2021 ndi 2022, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwamitengo, mawonekedwe osayina ndi makina amitengo ya mchere wa lithiamu nawonso akusintha mwakachetechete.Malinga ndi njira zosayina mgwirizano, mu 2022, 40% yamakampani adzagwiritsa ntchito njira yamitengo yomwe imangotseka mawu, makamaka chifukwa kupezeka pamsika wa lifiyamu kumakhala kolimba komanso mitengo ndi yayikulu.Pofuna kuteteza phindu, makampani osungunula kumtunda nthawi zambiri amatengera njira yotsekera voliyumu koma osati mtengo;m'tsogolomu, Taonani, monga katundu ndi zofuna kubwerera rationality, ogula ndi ogulitsa akhala zofunika zofunika kagayidwe ndi mtengo bata.Zikuyembekezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa voliyumu yanthawi yayitali yotsekera ndi loko ya formula (yolumikizidwa ndi mtengo wa mchere wa SMM lifiyamu kuti ikwaniritse kulumikizana kwa formula) ikwera.
Malingana ndi ogula mchere wa lithiamu, kuwonjezera pa kugula mwachindunji ndi makampani azinthu, kuwonjezeka kwa ogula mchere wa lithiamu kuchokera ku makampani otsiriza (mabatire, makampani a galimoto, ndi makampani ena a migodi yachitsulo) alemeretsa mitundu yonse ya makampani ogula.Poganizira kuti osewera atsopano akuyenera kuganizira Kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kwamakampani komanso kuzolowera mitengo yazitsulo zokhwima zikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi zotsatira zina pamitengo yamakampani.Gawo lachitsanzo chamitengo ya chikoka chotsekera voliyumu yamaoda akanthawi yayitali chawonjezeka.
Zonse za lithiamu!Chidule chathunthu chamakampani a lithiamu
Kuchokera pamalingaliro onse, kwa unyolo wamakampani a lithiamu, mtengo wa mchere wa lifiyamu wakhala malo amtengo waunyolo wonse, kulimbikitsa kufalikira kwamitengo ndi mtengo pakati pa maulalo osiyanasiyana ogulitsa.Kuyang'ana mu zigawo:
Lithium Ore - Lithium Salt: Kutengera mtengo wa mchere wa lithiamu, miyala ya lithiamu imagulidwa moyandama pogawana phindu.
Kalambulabwalo - ulalo wa cathode: Kuyika mtengo wa mchere wa lithiamu ndi mchere wina wachitsulo, ndikuchulukitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi komanso kuchotsera kuti mukwaniritse zosintha zamitengo.
Positive electrode - batri cell: imangiriza mtengo wa mchere wachitsulo ndikuchulukitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi ndikuchotsera kuti mukwaniritse zosintha zamitengo.
Battery cell - OEM / Integrator: Kulekanitsa mtengo wa cathode / lithiamu mchere (lithiamu mchere ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zopangira cathode).Zida zina zazikulu zimatengera njira yamtengo wokhazikika.Malinga ndi kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa mchere wa lithiamu, njira yolipirira mtengo imasainidwa., kuti akwaniritse mgwirizano wamtengo wapatali.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-06-2023