Mawu oti "batri" asintha pakapita nthawi kuti aphatikiza matanthauzo ndi magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.Kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwankhondo koyambirira kupita kuukadaulo wamakono komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosungira mphamvu, lingaliro la mabatire lasintha kwambiri.M'nkhaniyi, tiwona tanthauzo lakale la batri ndi momwe lasinthira kukhala kumvetsetsa kwamasiku ano, makamaka pankhani yosungira mphamvu ndi ukadaulo.
tanthauzo lakale la batri
Tanthauzo lakale la batri linayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1600 ndipo linkagwirizana kwambiri ndi machitidwe ankhondo ndi nkhondo.M'nkhaniyi, batire imatanthawuza gulu la zida zankhondo zolemera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi mipanda kapena malo a adani.Mfutizi nthawi zambiri zimasanjidwa motsatizana kapena masango, ndipo zowombera zomwe zimaphatikizika zimatha kupereka zipolopolo zowononga.Mawu akuti "batire" amachokera ku liwu lachifalansa lakuti "batri," lomwe limatanthauza "kumenya."
Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake muzochitika zankhondo, mawu oti "batri" alinso ndi tanthauzo lalamulo.M'Chingerezi Common Law, kumenya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mosaloledwa kwa munthu wina, kuvulaza kapena kuvulaza.Tanthauzo la kumenya uku likuzindikirikabe m'malamulo amakono ndipo nthawi zambiri limalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro okulirapo okhudza kumenyedwa ndi kumenyedwa.
Kusintha kwaukadaulo wa batri
Kusintha kwaukadaulo wa batri kwakhala ulendo wodabwitsa, ndikupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakusunga mphamvu ndi kupanga.Ngakhale kuti tanthauzo lapachiyambi la batri linachokera kunkhondo ndi mphamvu zakuthupi, mawuwa adakula kuti agwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pankhani yosungira mphamvu zamagetsi.
Batire yamakono, monga tikudziwira lero, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasungira mphamvu zamagetsi ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera muzitsulo zoyendetsedwa ndi mankhwala.Mphamvu zosungidwazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zida zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera kumagetsi ang'onoang'ono kupita ku magalimoto amagetsi ndi makina osungira mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kukula kwa batire yoyamba yowona kumapangidwa ndi wasayansi waku Italy Alessandro Volta, yemwe adapanga batire ya voltaic mu 1800. Batire yoyambirira iyi inali ndi zigawo zosinthika za zinki ndi ma disks amkuwa olekanitsidwa ndi makatoni oviikidwa m'madzi amchere, omwe adakhala ngati electrolyte.Mulu wa voltaic chinali chipangizo choyamba chomwe chingathe kupanga magetsi osalekeza, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya teknoloji ya batri.
Kuyambira ntchito ya upainiya wa Volta, teknoloji ya batri yapitirizabe kusintha, zomwe zachititsa kuti pakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire, kuphatikizapo lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, lithiamu-ion ndi, posachedwa, mabatire olimba.Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kwathandiza kuti anthu ambiri ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi, magalimoto amagetsi ndi njira zosungiramo mphamvu zowonjezera, zomwe zasintha momwe timagwiritsira ntchito dziko lamakono.
Udindo wa mabatire m'magulu amakono
M'dziko lamakono lolumikizidwa komanso loyendetsedwa ndiukadaulo, mabatire amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zida ndi makina osiyanasiyana.Kuchokera ku mafoni a m'manja ndi ma laputopu kupita ku magalimoto amagetsi ndi kusungirako mphamvu zowonjezera, mabatire akhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito mabatire m'magulu amakono ndi gawo la kusungirako mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.Pamene dziko likusintha kukhala malo okhazikika komanso okonda zachilengedwe, kufunikira kwa njira zosungiramo mphamvu zosungirako mphamvu kukukulirakulira.Mabatire, makamaka mabatire a lithiamu-ion, akhala akuthandizira kwambiri pakuphatikiza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kusunga mphamvu zochulukirapo zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kumagwero monga dzuwa ndi mphepo.
Magalimoto amagetsi (EVs) ndi malo ena akuluakulu omwe mabatire akuyendetsa kusintha kwakukulu.Kufalikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi mabasi kumadalira kupezeka kwa machitidwe apamwamba komanso okhalitsa.Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri kwachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kuthamanga kwa liwiro komanso magwiridwe antchito, zomwe zimapangitsa magalimoto amagetsi kukhala njira yabwino komanso yowoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi magalimoto akale a injini zoyatsira mkati.
Kuphatikiza pa zamagetsi ogula ndi zoyendera, mabatire amathandizira kwambiri pamagetsi amagetsi akutali komanso akutali.M'madera omwe ali ndi mwayi wochepa wopeza mphamvu yodalirika ya gridi, mabatire amapereka njira yosungiramo mphamvu kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi ya dzuwa kapena mphepo.Izi zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakuyika magetsi akumidzi, kuchitapo kanthu mwadzidzidzi komanso ntchito zothandizira pakagwa masoka.
Zovuta zaukadaulo wa batri ndi mwayi
Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri ndi kosangalatsa, pali zovuta zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa kuti zipititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a batri, chitetezo, ndi kukhazikika.Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ndikudalira zinthu zochepa komanso zokhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe monga cobalt ndi lithiamu popanga mabatire a lithiamu-ion.Kutulutsa ndi kukonza zinthuzi kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu za chilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kokhazikika komanso koyenera kuchita zinthu.
Vuto lina ndikubwezeretsanso mabatire ndi kasamalidwe ka nthawi yomaliza.Pamene kufunikira kwa mabatire kukukulirakulira, momwemonso kuchuluka kwa mabatire ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe akufunika kukonzedwanso kapena kutayidwa moyenera.Kupanga njira zobwezeretsera zobwezeretsera bwino komanso zotsika mtengo ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi zinyalala za batri ndikubwezeretsanso zida zofunika kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito.
Ngakhale zovuta izi, pali mwayi waukulu waukadaulo wa batri.Ntchito zofufuza ndi chitukuko zimayang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, moyo wozungulira komanso chitetezo cha mabatire, komanso kufufuza zinthu zina ndi ma chemistry omwe amapereka ntchito zapamwamba komanso kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.Mwachitsanzo, mabatire a boma olimba amaimira njira yabwino yosungiramo mphamvu za m'badwo wotsatira, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, kuthamanga mofulumira, komanso chitetezo chokwanira poyerekeza ndi mabatire amtundu wa lithiamu-ion.
Tsogolo laukadaulo wa batri
Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, tsogolo laukadaulo wa batri lili ndi lonjezo lalikulu lopitilira luso komanso kupita patsogolo.Kufuna mayankho osungira mphamvu kumapitilirabe kukula, motsogozedwa ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa komanso kuyika magetsi pamayendedwe, zomwe ndizokakamiza kwambiri kuti pakhale matekinoloje a batri ogwira ntchito, okhazikika komanso otsika mtengo.
Pankhani yamagalimoto amagetsi, kufufuza kosalekeza ndi ntchito zachitukuko zimayang'ana pakuwonjezera mphamvu zamabatire, kuchepetsa nthawi yolipiritsa komanso kukulitsa moyo wa batri.Kupititsa patsogolo kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti kufulumizitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndikuthana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi nkhawa zosiyanasiyana komanso zolipiritsa.
M'gawo lamagetsi osinthika, kuphatikiza kwa machitidwe osungira mphamvu monga mabatire a grid-scale ndi njira zosungirako zogawidwa zidzathandiza kwambiri kuti pakhale kutumizidwa kosasunthika komanso kodalirika kwa magetsi a dzuwa, mphepo ndi zina zapakati zomwe zimangowonjezera mphamvu.Popereka njira yosungiramo mphamvu zochulukirapo ndikuzipereka pakafunika, mabatire atha kuthandizira kusanja ndi kufunidwa, kukulitsa kukhazikika kwa gridi, ndikuthandizira kusintha kwamagetsi okhazikika komanso okhazikika.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthika kwaukadaulo wa batri ndi digito ndi mayankho a gridi anzeru kumapereka mwayi watsopano wokhathamiritsa kasamalidwe ka mphamvu, kuyankha kofunikira komanso kusinthasintha kwa grid.Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zotsogola komanso zolosera zam'tsogolo, mabatire amatha kuphatikizidwa mumanetiweki anzeru kuti athe kuyankha pakusintha kwazinthu ndikukwaniritsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.
Mwachidule, tanthawuzo lakale la batri monga mawu ankhondo lasintha kukhala kumvetsetsa kwamakono komwe kumaphatikizapo kusungirako mphamvu, kupanga mphamvu ndi luso lamakono.Lingaliro la mabatire linachokera ku nkhondo ndi mphamvu zakuthupi ndipo lasintha kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la anthu amakono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufalikira kwa zipangizo zamagetsi, magalimoto amagetsi, ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu.Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri kumakhala ndi lonjezo lalikulu lothana ndi zovuta zosungira mphamvu, kukhazikika komanso kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndikutsegulira njira ya tsogolo labwino kwambiri, lokhazikika komanso lokhazikika.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-23-2024